Chemo 101 – Intro to Chemotherapy

Starting chemotherapy can feel overwhelming. For many patients, the uncertainty surrounding treatment can create anxiety and fear. Understanding what chemotherapy is, how it works, and how to prepare can help you feel more confident as you begin your cancer treatment journey.

While every person's experience is unique, knowing what to expect can make the process feel more manageable and less intimidating.

What Is Chemotherapy?

Chemotherapy, often called chemo, uses powerful medications to treat cancer and certain serious blood disorders.

Before chemotherapy begins, your care team will perform blood tests to determine:

• The type of chemotherapy you need
• How often treatments will occur
• The appropriate duration of treatment

Additional lab tests are performed before each treatment session to ensure it is safe to proceed.

Understanding Chemotherapy Treatment Cycles

Chemotherapy is typically administered in cycles, allowing your body time to rest and recover between treatments.

How Long Does a Chemotherapy Cycle Last?

Treatment schedules vary depending on:

• The type of cancer
• Your treatment plan
• Blood test results
• How your body responds to treatment

For example:

• One patient may receive treatment every 21 days for six cycles.
• Another patient may receive treatment weekly for six weeks.

Your oncology team will create a plan tailored to your specific needs.

How to Prepare for Chemotherapy

Preparing for treatment day can help you feel more comfortable during your appointment.

Chemotherapy Day Tips

Before your treatment:

• Eat a healthy breakfast or lunch.
• Dress comfortably, as you may be seated for an extended period.
• Consider bringing a family member or friend to your first treatment.
• Bring items that help you relax, such as a book, headphones, or a blanket.

Having support during your first session can help you determine whether you'd like assistance during future treatments.

How Chemotherapy Affects the Body

Chemotherapy targets rapidly dividing cells. While this helps destroy cancer cells, healthy fast-growing cells can also be affected, leading to temporary side effects.

Taking steps to care for your body during treatment can help reduce discomfort and support overall wellness.

Protecting Yourself From Infection During Chemotherapy

Chemotherapy can temporarily weaken the immune system and increase the risk of infection.

Tips to Stay Healthy

• Wash your hands frequently.
• Carry hand sanitizer when away from home.
• Avoid large crowds whenever possible.
• Stay away from individuals who are sick.

When to Call Your Doctor

Contact your healthcare provider if you experience:

• A temperature above 100°F
• Chills
• A persistent cough
• Burning during urination

Prompt evaluation can help prevent serious complications.

Caring for Your Mouth During Treatment

Chemotherapy can increase mouth sensitivity and dryness.

Oral Care Recommendations

• Use a soft-bristled toothbrush.
• Maintain good oral hygiene.
• Avoid harsh mouthwashes that may cause irritation.
• Stay hydrated throughout the day.

Proper mouth care can help reduce discomfort and prevent oral complications.

Skin Care Tips During Chemotherapy

Some chemotherapy treatments can cause dry or sensitive skin.

Protecting Your Skin

To reduce irritation:

• Use moisturizers regularly.
• Apply lotion throughout the day as needed.
• Use lip balm to prevent dry lips.
• Drink plenty of water.

Protect Your Skin From the Sun

Chemotherapy can make your skin more sensitive to sunlight.

When outdoors:

• Wear sunscreen daily.
• Wear long sleeves when appropriate.
• Use a wide-brimmed hat.
• Seek shade whenever possible.

Healthy Eating During Chemotherapy

Chemotherapy can affect taste buds because they are made up of rapidly dividing cells. As a result, foods may taste bland, different, or less appealing than usual.

The good news is that these changes are typically temporary and often improve after treatment is completed.

Nutrition Tips During Chemotherapy

Focus on:

• High-calorie foods when needed
• High-protein meals and snacks
• Staying well hydrated

If You're Experiencing a Loss of Appetite

Nutritional supplements may help maintain adequate calorie and protein intake.

Examples include:

• Boost®
• Ensure®

Talk with your healthcare team before adding nutritional supplements.

Food Safety Recommendations

To reduce the risk of infection:

• Wash fruits and vegetables thoroughly before eating.
• Avoid raw fish and seafood.
• Avoid questionable or improperly stored foods.

Common Chemotherapy Side Effects

Every patient responds differently to treatment, but some side effects are common.

Possible Side Effects May Include:

• Hair loss
• Fatigue
• Constipation
• Diarrhea
• Nausea
• Pain
• Vaginal dryness
• Neuropathy

Not everyone experiences every side effect, and many symptoms can be managed with supportive care and medications.

When to Talk to Your Healthcare Team

Never hesitate to discuss symptoms with your treatment team.

Contact your physician if side effects:

• Become severe
• Persist for an extended period
• Interfere with daily activities
• Affect your quality of life

Your care team can often recommend treatments, medications, or supportive therapies to help manage symptoms more effectively.

Education and Support for Chemotherapy Patients

Learning about chemotherapy before treatment begins can help reduce anxiety and improve confidence throughout the process.

The Chemotherapy 101 seminar at the MemorialCare Todd Cancer Institute at Long Beach Medical Center provides education and support for patients preparing for chemotherapy treatment.

Participants can learn more about:

• What to expect during treatment
• Managing side effects
• Nutrition and wellness strategies
• Questions to ask their care team

For more information about Chemotherapy 101, call (562) 933-0900.

Taking an Active Role in Your Care

While starting chemotherapy can be intimidating, knowledge and preparation can help ease concerns and empower you throughout treatment.

By understanding what to expect, taking care of your physical health, and staying connected with your healthcare team, you can approach chemotherapy with greater confidence and support every step of the way.