Published on Nov. 1, 2018
Exercise plays an important role in managing the symptoms of Parkinson’s disease (PD). While physical activity cannot stop the progression of Parkinson’s, it can help improve mobility, maintain muscle tone, and support overall quality of life.
Among the many forms of exercise available, aquatic exercise offers unique advantages that can make movement more comfortable and enjoyable for people living with Parkinson’s disease.
Why Exercise Matters for Parkinson’s Disease
Regular exercise can help address some of the common challenges associated with Parkinson’s disease, including:
- Balance difficulties
- Muscle stiffness
- Reduced flexibility
- Decreased coordination
- Changes in posture
- Limited mobility
While exercise cannot reverse Parkinson’s symptoms, it can help individuals feel stronger, more confident, and better able to perform daily activities.
Benefits of Aquatic Exercise for Parkinson’s Disease
Warm water environments offer several therapeutic benefits that may be difficult to achieve through land-based exercise alone.
Improved Range of Motion and Flexibility
The buoyancy of water allows for greater freedom of movement, helping individuals perform exercises that may feel difficult on land.
Benefits include:
- Increased range of motion (ROM)
- Improved flexibility
- Enhanced functional movement
Reduced Stiffness and Pain
Warm water can have a soothing effect on muscles and joints, helping to ease discomfort often associated with Parkinson’s disease.
Benefits may include:
- Reduced muscle stiffness
- Decreased pain
- Greater comfort during exercise
Better Muscle Tone and Strength
Water provides natural resistance, helping individuals strengthen muscles while placing less stress on the body.
This resistance can support:
- Muscle conditioning
- Improved strength
- Better endurance
Enhanced Balance and Body Awareness
The constantly changing environment of the water encourages the body to make continuous adjustments.
This may help improve:
- Body awareness
- Posture
- Balance
- Motor control during walking
Increased Exercise Tolerance
Because water supports the body and reduces impact on joints, many individuals are able to exercise longer and more comfortably.
The relaxing properties of warm water may also increase tolerance for physical activity.
Improved Digestive Function
Some participants in aquatic exercise programs have reported improvements in bowel function, providing an additional wellness benefit.
Social Connection and Emotional Well-Being
Exercise is about more than physical health.
Participating in a group aquatic program can provide:
- Social interaction
- Peer support
- A sense of community
- Reduced feelings of isolation
These experiences may help decrease feelings of depression while promoting an overall sense of well-being.
A Patient's Experience With Swimming and Parkinson’s Disease
For Gloria Fahey, an 80-year-old from Newport Beach, swimming has become an important part of managing Parkinson’s symptoms.
"It helps me feel better and it is easier in the water both mentally and physically."
Gloria participates in a 45-minute swimming class in Irvine once a week. She especially appreciates the warm water and the opportunity to connect with fellow participants.
Best Water Exercises for Parkinson’s Disease
Many aquatic activities can provide safe and effective exercise for individuals with Parkinson’s disease.
Popular options include:
- Water walking
- Water aerobics
- Water yoga
- Swimming
- Gentle aquatic strengthening exercises
These activities are often easier on the joints and typically require less balance than comparable exercises on land.
Safety Tips for Exercising in the Water
Before participating in aquatic exercise, it's important to create a safe environment.
Water Safety Recommendations
- Avoid slippery pool surfaces.
- Remove loose rugs or hazards around the pool area.
- Ensure adequate lighting.
- Exercise near a pool wall or safety rail.
- Use caution when entering and exiting the water.
- Exercise under appropriate supervision when needed.
Always prioritize safety and follow recommendations from healthcare providers and instructors.
Why Swimming Is Especially Beneficial
Swimming provides an excellent combination of cardiovascular and strength-building exercise.
Physical Benefits of Swimming
Swimming can help:
- Improve cardiovascular fitness
- Strengthen muscles
- Improve coordination
- Increase endurance
- Support overall mobility
Because the arms, legs, and head are all performing different movements at the same time, swimming can also help enhance coordination.
Additionally, the natural buoyancy of water reduces the risk of falls, while water resistance increases the effectiveness of movement.
Chest-High Water May Be Ideal
Water exercises performed in chest-high water can be particularly beneficial for individuals with Parkinson’s disease, offering support while still allowing for meaningful physical activity.
Talk With Your Healthcare Provider Before Starting
Individuals living with Parkinson’s disease should always seek approval from their primary healthcare provider before beginning a new exercise program or making changes to an existing one.
A healthcare professional can help determine which activities are appropriate based on an individual's symptoms, fitness level, and overall health.
Enhancing Quality of Life Through Aquatic Exercise
Although exercise cannot reverse Parkinson’s disease, it can play a valuable role in improving quality of life.
Aquatic exercise offers a safe, low-impact way to:
- Increase strength
- Improve flexibility
- Support balance and coordination
- Build confidence
- Enhance overall well-being
For many individuals, the combination of physical activity, warm water, and social engagement makes aquatic exercise both effective and enjoyable.
Before you head to the pool, consider learning more about water-based exercise techniques and safety. The American Parkinson Disease Association (APDA) offers additional resources, including its Aquatic Exercise booklet, to help individuals get started with confidence.